Though writing by hand is increasingly being overshadowed by the ease of computers，a new study finds handwriting helps people learn certain skills surprisingly faster and significantly better than learning the same material through typing or watching videos.
   Brenda Rapp，a professor of cognitive science in Johns Hopkins University，led an experiment，in which 42 people were taught the Arabic alphabet，split into three groups of learners：writers，typers and video watchers.Everyone learned the letters one at a time by watching videos of them being written along with hearing names and sounds.After being introduced to each letter，the three groups would attempt to learn what they just saw and heard in different ways.The video group got an on-screen flash of a letter and had to recognize it.The typers would have to find the letter on the keyboard.The writers had to copy the letter with pen and paper.After as many as six sessions，the writing group reached this level of proficiency（熟練）faster than the other groups.
   Next the researchers wanted to determine to what extent the groups could generalize this new knowledge.In other words，they could all recognize the letters，but could anyone really use them like a professional by writing with them，using them to spell new words and using them to read unfamiliar words？The writing group was best - decisively - in all of those things.
   Rapp says it's because handwriting reinforces the visual and aural lessons.The simple act of writing by hand provides a perceptual-motor（感知運(yùn)動(dòng)）experience that unifies what is being learned about the letters （their shapes，their sounds，and their motor plans），which in turn creates richer knowledge and fuller true-learning.
   Although the participants in the study were adults，the researchers expect they'd see the same results in children.The findings have implications for classrooms，where pencils and notebooks have taken a backseat in recent years to tablets and laptops.

（1）In this study，what is the advantage of writing by hand？

A

A

A．It contributes to a faster and better learning.
B．It can't be replaced by computers and Internet.
C．It combines visual and aural images into study.
D．It never makes any mistake in the six sessions.
（2）How were the people divided into groups in the experiment？

B

B

A．On the basis of their interest in letters.
B．According to their way of learning letters.
C．Considering the time spent in learning letters.
D．By their levels of proficiency in letters.
（3）What effect do the researchers expect the study have on students？

C

C

A．Uncertain.
B．Negative.
C．Beneficial.
D．Challenging.
（4）What's the purpose of the text？

C

C

A．To advertise a method.
B．To clarify a concept.
C．To introduce a research.
D．To explain a phenomenon.