No one can say whether human-like robots will have a sweet dream，but they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides for living brains，according to new research from Los Alamos National Laboratory （LANL）.
"We study spiking neural networks （尖峰神經(jīng)網(wǎng)） ，which are systems that learn much as living brains do，" said Yijing Watkins，a computer scientist from LANL. "We trained a neuromorphic processor in a way how humans and other biological systems learn from their environment during childhood development ."Watkins and her research team found that the network simulations （模擬）became unstable after continuous periods of unattended learning.When they exposed the networks to states that are analogous to what living brains experience during sleep，stability was recovered." It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night's rest，" said Watkins.
The discovery came about as the research team worked to develop neural networks that are as close as how humans and other biological systems learn to see.The group initially struggled with stabilizing simulated neural networks undergoing unattended dictionary training，which involves classifying objects without providing examples to compare them to.The researchers exposed the networks to an artificial simulation of sleep as nearly a final effort to stabilize them.They experimented with various types of noise.The best results came when they used waves of so-called Gaussian noise- These waves can make sure that the neural networks keep stable.
The group's next goal is to apply their algorithm （算法）to Intel's Loihi，a product which uses spiking neural networks to work.They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time will enable it to stably process information from a camera in real time.If it can confirm the need for sleep in artificial brains，we can probably expect the same to be true of human-like robots and other intelligent machines that may come about in the future.
（1）What did Watkins and her research team find？ BB
A．Neural networks are far from stable.
B．Artificial brains may need sleep as well.
C．Neural networks are very sensitive to noise.
D．Human-like robots need equal rest to humans.
（2）What does the underlined word "analogous" in paragraph 2 mean？ CC
A．Contrary.
B．Beneficial.
C．Similar.
D．Related.
（3）Why will the researchers apply the algorithm to Loihi ？ DD
A．To better update Loihi.
B．To make sure Loihi get enough sleeper.
C．To enable Loihi to process information faster.
D．To further confirm their discovery.
（4）In which section of a website can we probably find the text？ DD
A．Electronics & Physics.
B．Mind & Brain.
C．Business & Industry.
D．Computers & Science.
【考點】社會．
【答案】B；C；D；D
【解答】
【點評】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5
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A．upsetting and dangerous
B．interesting and special
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A．helps people with food allergies recover
B．helps the households take part in the TPP
C．takes action to change kids' bad eating habits
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（4）Where is the passage most probably taken from？
A．A magazine about the history of festivals．
B．A news report on cultures and customs．
C．An advertisement for an organization．
D．A research paper on kid's health．發(fā)布：2024/12/19 20:30:1組卷：36引用：3難度：0.7 -
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（2）What did Andrew pay special attention to while studying abroad？
A．Host families.
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C．Places of interest.
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A．It can change our habits.
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A．Something very important.
B．Something very interesting.
C．Something very easy.
D．Something very soft.發(fā)布：2024/12/19 17:0:2組卷：5引用：2難度：0.5
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