2022年山東省威海市環(huán)翠區(qū)中考英語一模試卷
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
一、閱讀理解（共五篇短文，共5小題，計40分。）閱讀A、B篇，從文后每小題A、B、C選項中選擇最佳答案。請將答案編號涂卡。
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1．Mayan Calendars
The Maya were an influential （有影響的） people living in what is now Guatemala，Belize，Honduras，EISalvador，and parts of southern Mexico.The ancient Maya developed sophisticated（復(fù)雜的） systems of agriculture，architecture，science，mathematics，and writing.One of the most important Mayan developments was the creation of calendars.
The ancient Maya had several calendars.The Tzolkin （ZOL-keen） calendar was tied to religious beliefs.The Haab （hayb） calendar was based on the length of a year.
Understanding astronomy （天文學(xué)） helped-the Maya accurately（精確地）measure days，months，and years.A year had 365 days by Mayan calculations（計算），as it does in our own calendar.The Mayan year，though，was made up of 18 months，and each month had 20 days.An extra5 days were added to complete the calendar year.These days rounded out the calendar nicely，but the Maya thought they were unlucky.
One of the most unusual Mayan calendars was actually a pyramid.Around AD 1050，the Maya built the Pyramid of Kukulkan （KO-KUL-kan）at Chichen Itza（chee-CHEN eet-SAH）.The pyramid had a stairway（樓梯）on each of its four sides.Each stairway had 91 steps.Counting the platform at the top，there were 365 steps，the same number of days in the calendar year.
（1）What is the second paragraph mostly about？
A．The Maya were a very hardworking people.
B．The Maya had different kinds of calendars.
C．The Maya built a pyramid that was a calendar.
（2）What does the map show？
A．how far Mayan culture spread
B．locations of Mayan calendars
C．where the Maya lived
（3）Which detail（細節(jié)） supports the idea that the Pyramid of Kukulkan was a calendar？
A．The pyramid had 365 steps.
B．The pyramid had four sides.
C．The pyramid was ，very unusual.
（4）Which of these would a Mayan probably do during the last five days of the year？
A．make a dangerous trip
B．have a wild party
C．stay at home
（5）What's the meaning of the underlined word "measure"？.
A．judge the worth of something
B．express as a number
C．carry組卷：10引用：1難度：0.2 -
2．Are Humans the Only Animals with Emotions Do animals besides humans have emotions（情感），and if so，which ones？Scientists and animal lovers often debate（爭論） this issue.In the past，many scientists believed that animals were not able to show complex（復(fù)雜的）human emotions such as empathy.Empathy is the understanding of and sharing in another 's feelings.For example，if your little brother's rabbit dies，you probably would feel bad for him.
Several recent experiments and observations support the theory（理論） that animals feel empathy.In 1964，one study showed that rhesus monkeys（恒河猴） would not accept food if another monkey got an electric shock.Likewise（同樣地），biologist Marc Bekoff reports that when he was watching elephants in Kenya，he noticed an elephant that had been crippled（受傷致殘） for years.Although the elephant moved very slowly，the herd（獸群）never left it behind.They'd stop walking，check on her，and then wait for her.Bekoff also tells of Alaskan bear cubs that were orphaned（使成孤兒） when their mother was shot.One cub had been wounded，so he limped（跛行）along and swam painfully slowly，but his sister never left his side.She even fished salmon（鮭魚） out of the river for him.
There are reports of animals showing emotions besides empathy，too.In 2005，a humpback whale became tangled（亂作一團） in fishing lines off California's coast.After divers（潛水員） freed the whale，it played with and nuzzled（用鼻愛撫）each diver，seeming to show thanks.Gorillas，llamas，and many other animals appear to express sadness when a mate（配偶） dies.And then there 's the story of the two abandoned dogs that were taken to an animal shelter（避難所）.When one of them went blind，the other led his companion around the new environment by the scruff（頸背） of the neck until the blind dog learned its way around.Maybe humans and animals aren't so different after all.
（1）What might cause a person to feel empathy？
A．getting injured before a big game
B．watching a friend be chosen last for a team
C．being invited to a birthday party
（2）Which animal or animals described in the passage showed empathy？
A．the blind dog
B．gorillas and llamas
C．the elephant herd
（3）What makes the author wonder whether humans and animals are really so different？
A．Animals appear to express emotions，too.
B．Animals have been shown to use tools.
C．Many animals live in pairs or groups.
（4）You can infer（推斷） from the passage that.
A．a(chǎn)nimals and people experience all the same emotions
B．some animals do not want another animal to suffer（受痛苦）
C．a(chǎn)nimals feel greater pain that people do
（5）Which of the following states is TRUE according to the passage？
A．Animals can suffer injuries，too.
B．Empathy is an emotion shown only by humans.
C．Having to move to another state might cause a person to feel empathy.組卷：7引用：1難度：0.5 -
3．判斷正誤。請將答案編號涂卡。
Everyone listened attentively as the woman spoke.
"If you want to say 'OK'，don't make a circle with your thumb and first finger，" the woman began."That means OK here in the United States，but in Russia it's an obscene gesture."
The audience（觀眾）of 300 Americans chuckled，a few people took notes.
"It's all right to admire something，" the woman continued，"but don't be too enthusiastic（熱情的）.Don 't say， 'I really like your tablecloth.' Your Russian friend will offer you the tablecloth and will be offended（冒犯） if you don't take it."
The woman was preparing the Americans for their trip to Russia.In Russia，the language，customs，and food would be different.Even simple things，like making a phone call，would be different.The Americans wanted to learn about these differences before their trip.They didn't want to experience culture shock.
When they arrived in Russia，the Americans were glad that they had prepared for their trip.Most of them experienced only a little culture shock.They enjoyed their visit and made a lot of Russian friends.
Making friends was，in fact，the purpose of the trip.The trip was planned by The Friendship Force，an international organization that develops world peace.The Friendship Force believes that people who are friends will not fight wars.So，to help people from all over the world become friends，it organizes exchanges of people.
The US-Russian exchange was one of the largest exchanges it has ever organized.The Friendship Force sent 300 Americans to Russia and 300 Russians to the United States.
The Russians，like the Americans，prepared for their visit by learning about life in the other country.Still，they，too，experienced a little culture shock.
The Russians knew that Americans were fond of pets，but they were shocked to see pets inside homes.They couldn't believe their eyes when they saw dogs eating in the kitchen and sleeping on people's beds.
The Russians knew that Americans liked to cat fast food in restaurants，but they were disappointed to see that Americans ate fast meals at home，too.In Russia，the evening meal often lasts an hour or two because families sit at the table and talk.When American families eat together — if they eat together — they often eat quickly and don't take time for long conversations.The Russians thought that was a shame.
In spite of their differences in language and culture，the Russians and Americans became friends.The two women in the picture became friends，even though the Russian woman couldn't speak a word of English and the American woman couldn't speak a word of Russian.For two weeks they communicated through sign language and dictionaries.
Some of the Americans who traveled to Russia were schoolchildren from a sixth-grade class.When they returned to the United States，their teacher asked them to write about their trip.One 11-year-old girl wrote， "I have leaned a lot from this experience.I learned to adapt（適應(yīng)） to a different culture.And I learned that people all over the world are more alike than they are different."
正確涂A，錯誤涂B。
（1）An obscene gesture is not polite．
（2）People who are offended are a little angry because their feelings are hurt．
（3）The Friendship Force believes that people who live in Russia do not have comfortable lives．
（4）Although their languages and cultures were different，the Russians and the Americans became friends．
（5）The text is mainly about the language，customs，and food in Russia．組卷：1引用：1難度：0.4 -
4．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，將下面的句子還原到文章當(dāng)中，使短文內(nèi)容完整。請將答案編號涂卡。
Winter Games promote a shared future
The opening ceremony（儀式） of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games showed that life is endless against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic（疫情），which is yet to be effectively（有效地） contained（容納）worldwide.From the opening ceremony to the closing ceremony，from the preparations for the Games to venue（會場） designs and holding of the events，from the participation（參加） of athletes to the valuable services of volunteers，the Beijing Winter Olympic，and Paralympic Games（殘奧會） were an exercise in building a community with a shared future for mankind（人類）.
Indeed，the Beijing Winter Games represented lasting peace，universal security，common prosperity，openness and inclusiveness，which are what a community with a shared future for mankind is all about.（1）It was the first major（重要的） global（全球的） sporting event to be held on schedule（按時） since the pandemic broke out and conveyed（轉(zhuǎn)達） the message， "I am safe if you are safe".
（2）For example，it took the United States，Canada and European countries about 50 years to develop the ice and snow sports industry，but China has formed a basic winter sports industrial ecosystem in just five years.The realization of the goal of driving 300 million people to take up ice and snow sports will help more people understand and enjoy winter sports and create business chances for the winter sports and related（相關(guān)的） service industries.
（3）That Beijing's "Water Cube" became the world's first national aquatics center（水立方） to be transformed（改變） into an "Ice Cube" shows how China kept new constructions to the barest minimum（最低限度）to prevent carbon emissions（碳排放）.Similarly，the Capital Gymnasium was changed from a volleyball venue to a winter sports center，and the Wuke song Sports Center was changed from a basketball venue to an ice sports center in six hours.（4）
The Beijing Winter Games also ensured fair competition，promoted solidarity and fraternity in line with the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind.Gu Ailing，for instance，who won two gold medals and a silver medal，expressed her gratitude to both the Chinese and the US teams because she lives in the United States but represented China at the Games.（5）
And the establishment of a future oriented（面向未來），multi-level（多層次） and open Olympic culture communication system，consisting of "school sports，community sports，urban system，Olympic Games and Olympic culture dissemination"，will help build a community with a shared future for mankind.
A.The Beijing Winter Games also heralded（預(yù)示） a new era（時代）.
B.Many other venues were changed in the same way to ensure（確保） the 2008 Summer Games' venues were put to sustainable（可持續(xù)的） use.
C.More important，she said that she would use sports as a uniting（團結(jié)） force（力量） between countries.
D.The organizers presented（呈現(xiàn)） a safe，simple and yet impressive Winter Games.
E.The Beijing Winter Games also highlighted（突出） the importance of low-carbon（低碳的） and sustainable development.組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5 -
5．研讀售書海報和Tony給他同學(xué)Mark 的留言，根據(jù)它們所提供的信息，幫 Mark 完成他的摘記，每空不超過3個詞。請將答案填寫到答題卡指定位置。
Top Two Books
this month：
Forest Street
by Alan Banks
Best Bike Rides
by Kim James
Order before 10th April for
special price for both books- 20
www.booksalot.jye.aiFrom：Tony
To：Mark
Let's get Laurie a book for his birthday.The new cycling book which is on sale atwww.booksalot.jye.ai looks good，but it must arrive before April 12th，so can you order it online tonight？
It's 12.90 so that will cost us 6.45 each.Is that OK？I'll give you the money next week.Get them to post it to 39 west Road.
ThanksMARK'S NOTES
Laurie's birthday presentwebsite： www.booksalot.jye.ai Name of book： （1） Writer： （2） Date needed by： （3） Address to send book to： （4） Price of book： （5） ￡組卷：1引用：1難度：0.3
二、單詞拼寫（共10小題，計10分）根據(jù)句意和音標(biāo)提示以適當(dāng)形式填寫單詞。請將答案填寫在答題卡指定位置。
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6．If you could help me with that，it would be
/f?'t?st?k/.組卷：7引用：1難度：0.7 -
7．The man
/ k?ft / for a full minute，body shaking like a leaf in the wind.組卷：6引用：1難度：0.7
五、短文填空（共1小題，計10分）請將答案編號涂卡。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語填空，使短文意思完整。每個選項僅使用一次。
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22．
Why American Jews eat Chinese food on Christmas Christmas is a religious holiday celebrated by Christians.It is a time when families enjoy large traditional meal together in their homes.There are roast meats and delicious vegetable dishes.Sweet puddings are part of the menu.A.try to please their customers
B.get to enjoy
C.as
D.also
E.do not celebrate Christmas
F.in a similar way
G.as long as
H.part of these celebrations
I.come from
J.more than
This is a time when Jewish Americans（1）sweet plum sauce poured over roast duck，beef Lo Mein or even hot and sour soup.General Tso's chicken is a favourite Chinese dish found in restaurants in the US.jye.ai is made with chicken thighs cooked in chilli paste and honey.The Jews（2）as part of their religion，instead they enjoy Chinese food at this time.
Where does the tradition of a "Jewish Christmas" spent in Chinese restaurants（3）in America？Why do the American Jewish people go to Chinese restaurants at Christmas time？
In the early 1900s，Jews and Chinese were the two biggest immigration（移民入境） groups in America.They were also non-Christian（不信奉基督教的） groups.They did not celebrate Christmas.During the religious holidays and celebrations most of the restaurants were closed.The Chinese restaurants remained open，even on Sundays.They could do this（4）it was not a religious time for them.
Usually Jews eat kosher food.Kosher does not allow dairy products such as milk or cheese to be mixed with meat.Kosher also does not allow the eating of pork in any form.The Chinese traditionally do not use dairy products in their dishes.They do eat pork though，but it is cooked separately.So Chinese food is prepared in a similar way to Jewish food.The Jews could eat this，（5）they stayed away from the pork dishes.They remained kosher by eating Chinese food.
The Jews were happy to eat at the Chinese restaurants.They ate food they liked.They could get food that was prepared（6）to jye.aiirs.The Chinese restaurants were open and the others were closed over Christmas time.The American Jews today have continued with this habit，and it has now become a tradition.They now enjoy chop suey（炒雜碎） and dumplings at the Chinese restaurants.Some say they enjoy this food（7）their own traditional meals such as gefilte fish.
Chinese food has become a big part of Jewish life in America.It is（8）a time when Jewish people can remember their own faith.All the Christians celebrate their faith during Christmas time.The Jewish people in America are reminded by this，that they are not（9）.They have their own faith to celebrate.
In this way new traditions start.American Jews eating at Chinese restaurants on Christmas has a happy tradjye.aiion.It has also become a busy time for the Chinese restaurants，so they make more money.They（10）and make it a very happy time of celebration for all.組卷：8引用：1難度：0.1
六、書面表達（共1小題，計15分）請將答案填寫在答題卡指定位置。
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23．在你的學(xué)校生活、家庭生活、社會活動及興趣愛好等方面，一定有讓你引以為豪的事情。請以O(shè)ne Thing I'm Proud of 為題，根據(jù)以下要求記述-一件令你感到自豪的事情。
要求：（1）詞數(shù)100左右；
（2）至少包括 What is the thing you're proud of？Why are you proud of it？等要點；
（3）文中不得出現(xiàn)任何與考生相關(guān)的真實信息。
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