A lodestone compass was used in China during the Han Dynasty between the 2nd century BC and 1st century AD，where it was called the "south-governor" （sīnán）.It was not used for navigation，but rather for geomancy and fortune-telling.The earliest reference to a magnetic device used for navigation is in a Song Dynasty book dating to 1040-1044，where there is a description of an iron "south-pointing fish" floating in a bowl of water，aligning itself to the south.The device is recommended as a means of orientation "in the obscurity of the night." The first suspended magnetic needle compass was written by Shen Kuo in his book of 1088.
For most of Chinese history，the compass that remained in use was in the form of a magnetic needle floating in a bowl of water.According to Needham，the Chinese in the Song Dynasty and continuing Yuan Dynasty did make use of a dry compass，although this type never became as widely used in China as the wet compass.
The dry compass used in China was a dry suspension compass，a wooden frame crafted in the shape of a turtle hung upside down by a board，with the lodestone sealed in by wax，and if rotated，the needle at the tail would always point in the northern cardinal direction.Although the 14th century European com pass-card in box frame and dry pivot needle was adopted in China after its use was taken by Japanese pirates in the 16th century （who had in turn learned of it from Europeans），the Chinese design of the suspended dry compass persisted in use well into the 18th century.
（1）What was sīnán used for？ CC
A．Trade.
B．Orientation.
C．Fortune-telling.
D．Navigation.
（2）What does the underlined word "aligning" in Paragraph 1 mean？ BB
A．a(chǎn)larming
B．a(chǎn)djusting
C．reminding
D．forcing
（3）Which of the following can be known from the text？ AA
A．The wet compass was widely used in China.
B．The needle of the dry compass would always faced the south.
C．Japanese pirates in 16th century knew little about compass.
D．The first compass was mentioned in a book of 1088 written by Needham.
（4）What is the best title for the text？ DD
A．Great Scientists
B．The Famous Dynasties in History
C．The Unforgettable Centuries of China
D．The Great Invention of Ancient China-Compass
【考點】傳統(tǒng)習俗與文化；說明文．
【答案】C；B；A；D
【解答】
【點評】
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發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0組卷：12引用：2難度：0.5
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