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People diet to look more attractive．Fish diet to avoid being beaten up，thrown out of their social group，and getting eaten as a result．That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists．
   The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors． "In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals，a male and female ，had breeding（繁殖） rights within the group， "explains Marian Wong． "All other group members are non-breeding females，each being 5～10% smaller than its next largest competitor．We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation．"
    The reason for the size difference was easy to see．Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group．More often than not， the evicted fish is then eaten up．
   It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish．Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate，was not clear．The research team decided to do an experiment．They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened．To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights，over having a feast．
    The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group．Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small．
   While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious，Dr．Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical （等級(jí)的） societies remain stable．
   The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans． "As yet，we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，" the researchers comment． "Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness，rarely does it improve longterm health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal．"

（1）When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor，it
A
A
．
A．faces danger
B．has breeding rights
C．eats its competitor
D．leaves the group itself
（2）The underlined words "the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to
D
D
．
A．the fish beaten up
B．the fish found out
C．the fish fattened up
D．the fish driven away
（3）The experiment showed that the smaller fish
B
B
．
A．fought over a feast
B．went on diet willingly
C．preferred some extra food
D．challenged the boss fish
（4）What is the text mainly about？
D
D

A．Fish dieting and human dieting．
B．Dieting and health．
C．Human dieting．
D．Fish dieting．

【考點(diǎn)】說(shuō)明文；議論文．

【答案】A；D；B；D

【解答】

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：16引用：2難度：0.5

相似題

1．What do you use your fridge for：It can not only keep your food cold，but also make ice and freeze food．But in the future smart fridges may do much more than you can think．They may tell you what food is inside，what food you need，what food is healthy for you，and even shop for you，too!
   Some companies are making online fridges which have a computer screen on the door．And it can be very useful that the computer is linked to a supermarket through the Internet．For example，when you finish your orange juice，you can put the empty juice carton（紙盒包裝） near the computer screen．The computer reads the bar code on the juice carton．Then it orders more orange juice from the supermarket．You can also use the computer screen to order other things from the supermarket．The computer screen has a series of things that are in the store．You can choose what you need．The supermarket will send the food to your home．
   Companies are making other kinds of "smart" appliances（電器），too．There is a new kind of microwave oven（微波爐） which has a computer memory．It can remember 365 different cookbooks．There is also a smart mixer that can remember cookbooks．Even it can test ingredients for you!
   Of course，sometimes these smart appliances don't work．When they do，they will tell you．And then they can call someone to fix them，too!

（1）Your fridges can do the following things except

．
A．keep food warm
B．make ice
C．keep food cold
D．freeze food
（2）What's the meaning of the underlined word "linked" in Paragraph 2？

A．Prepared．
B．Connected．
C．Offered．
D．Formed．
（3）Which is not true？

A．The oven can call someone to fix itself when it doesn't work．
B．The oven can store 365 cookbooks．
C．The mixer can test ingredients for you．
D．The mixer can help you clean the kitchen．
（4）What is the main idea of the text？

A．Online fridges have a computer screen on the door．
B．Fridges of the future will order food from the supermarket．
C．Smart appliances，like online fridges，can be very helpful．
D．People won't have to go to supermarkets to buy food in the future．
發(fā)布：2024/10/29 0:0:2組卷：67引用：2難度：0.7
解析

2．How to Work Out Your Worries by Writing
Something troubling you？You should write about it!Research indicates that people who write about a difficult situation often show improved mental and physical health.
   （1）

.It is a specific technique，and it's different from writing in a journal.The idea is to reflect honestly and thoughtfully on a particular challenge.
   Hundreds of studies over several decades have looked at the potential benefits of expressive writing.It can strengthen the immune system，including for people with illnesses such as flu，cancer and depression. （2）

   Expressive writing works because it allows you to make meaning out of a painful experience，experts say. （3）

Then translating that experience into language forces you to organize your thoughts.And creating a narrative gives you a sense of control.
   But expressive writing isn't a magical cure-all solution. （4）

.And people coping with a severe injury or depression may not find it useful to do on their own，without therapy （治療）.
   （5）

？Thinking or talking about an event can lead to reflecting，where you become lost in your emotions.Writing forces you to slow down.The mere act of labeling a feeling—of putting words to an emotion—can lessen the nervous activity in the threat area of the brain.Writing can increase someone's acceptance of his experience，and acceptance is calming.

A．Why write
B．What if you don't write
C．It can also help improve mood，sleep and memory
D．Expressive writing gave people the courage to face fears
E．It shouldn't be used as a replacement for other treatments
F．The first important step is to recognise what it is that is bothering you
G．Psychologists refer to writing about an unpleasant experience as "expressive writing"

發(fā)布：2024/10/27 20:0:1組卷：6引用：3難度：0.5

解析

3．Everyone knows that fish is good for health．（1）

But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home．Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home．Buying，storing，and cooking fish isn't difficult．（2）

This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way．
（3）

Fresh fish should smell sweet：you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge．Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh．（4）

When you have bought a fish and arrive home，you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two．Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one．
There are many common methods used to cook fish．（5）

First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices（調(diào)料）．Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound．（A larger one will take more time．）Then，it's ready to serve．

A．Do not buy it．
B．The easiest is to steam it．
C．This is how you can do it．
D．It just requires a little knowledge．
E．The fish will go bad within hours．
F．When buying fish，you should first smell it．
G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease．
發(fā)布：2024/10/28 19:30:1組卷：381引用：62難度：0.7
解析

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