2020-2021學(xué)年上海市閔行區(qū)七寶中學(xué)高二（上）摸底英語(yǔ)試卷（9月份）

一、II. Grammar （25’）Section ASection A （15’）Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.

• 1．A （1）

  winning multiple awards and being the most searched-for book on Goodreads during its debut year，this young adult novel （2）

  （challenge）and banned in school libraries and curricular（3）

  drug use and offensive language.
  B When you cross deep water driving too fast，you risk （4）

  （splash） water up into the air box and having it get（5）

  （suck）into the internal engine，（6）

  is more common than you think.There are a few steps you should take to clear the water out （7）

  you try to start it.
  C Jack London wrote stories about working people and the hard time they had（8）

  （make） a living.He knew their problems first hand.He worked as a sailor，farmer，railroad worker，and gold prospector，（9）

  （name） just a few of his many jobs.
  D The Guinness Book of Records first set its sight on（10）

  （satisfy） man's inborn curiosity about the natural world.Its two principal fact finders moved wildly around the globe to collect facts.It was their tasks to find aspects of life （11）

  can be sensed or observed，things that can be quantified or measured.It was during this period that some of the remarkable records（12）

  （document），answering such questions（13）

  "What is the brightest star？" and "What is the biggest spider？"（14）

  （originate）as a simple bar book，the Guinness Book of Records（15）

  （evolve） over decades to provide insight into the full range of modern life.
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  解析

Section B Passage （10’）Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.

• 2．Many educationalists consider Philosophy of Education a weak and imprecise field，too far （1）

  （remove）from the practical applications of the real world to be useful.But philosophers （2）

  （date）back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much thought and emphasis，and there is little doubt（3）

  their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia.
      Plato is the earliest important educational thinker，and education is an essential element in "The Republic" （his most important work on philosophy and politics，written around 360 B．C．），in which he advocates（4）

  （apply）some rather extreme methods：removing children from their mothers' care，raising them as wards of the state，and differentiating children suitable to the various castes，the highest receiving the most education， （5）

  they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able.He believed that education （6）

  be holistic，including facts，skills，physical discipline，music and art.Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is to be found in children born to all classes.
      Aristotle considered human nature，habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education，the ultimate aim of which should be （7）

  （produce） good and virtuous citizens.He proposed that teachers lead their students systematically and that repetition（8）

  （use） as a key tool to develop good habits，unlike Socrates' emphasis（9）

  questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas.He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects，among which he clearly mentions reading，writing，mathematics，music，physical education，literature，history，and a wide range of sciences， （10）

  play，which he also considered important.
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  解析

Vocabulary （20’）Directions： Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 3．A．evolutionary B．highlight C．leap D．specifically E．differs
  F．established G．track H．lack I．potentially J．mature K．spot
     Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research.Drones hold huge potential in the fight to save the world's remaining wildlife from extinction.So researchers can now（1）

  wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans.It's estimated that up to five living species become extinct every day，making it urgent that universities developed technologies to capture the data that can persuade authorities to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to （2）

  the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable species and ecosystems.Speakers underlined how technology can help preservation：drones can circle high above the ocean to （3）

  whales，while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species.
     According to Claudio Sillero，biology professor at Oxford University，technology is changing how preservation research is done-but it's in a（n）（4）

  way.As technology gets better and cheaper，researchers become better at doing what they were already doing.For example，remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread，and everyone uses global positioning system（GPS） for surveying.
     But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university （5）

  .Some teach drone surveying methods in depth while others don't even mention them. "The fact is，using drones is quite a （6）

  to the interdisciplinary 'unknown' of engineering，and （7）

  an area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet，" Serge Wich，an expert in primate biology says. " Students are taught about well （8）

  technologies such as automatic sound recorders，but drones are often missing from university teaching.Consequently，drone use among researchers is still fairly limited and focused on getting photos."
     Wich's team of researchers used techniques to develop a fully automated drone technology system that tracks and monitors the health of endangered animals globally.It's designed to be cheap，stable and simple to use，so that local communities in developing countries can operate it independently without technical background.Yet it's not more widely used on the grounds of researchers' （9）

  of skills to use this technology.In biology，where drones are used，few can program an algorithm（10）

  for their preservation or research problem. "There's much that needs to be done to bridge those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that people who can't program can still use the technology." Wich says.
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  解析

• 4．A．introduction B．roughly C．mainstream D．educational E．emergence
  F．a(chǎn)pplied G．nearness H．identify I．a(chǎn)ccess J．widely K．subject
     The term 'dark tourism' is far newer than the practice，which long predates（早于） Pompeii's（1）

  as a dark attraction.Dr Philip Stone，perhaps the world's leading academic expert on dark tourism，considers the Roman Colosseum to be one of first dark tourist sites，where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport.Later，until the late 18" century，the appeal was crueler in central London，where people paid money to sit in grandstands to watch mass hangings.Dealers would sell pies at the site，which was（2）

  where Marble Arch stands today.It was only in 1996 that 'dark tourism' entered the scholarly vocabulary when two academics in Glasgow（3）

  it while looking at sites associated with the murder of John F.Kennedy.Those who study dark tourism（4）

  plenty of reasons for the growing phenomenon，including raised awareness of it as an identifiable thing.（5）

  to sites has also improved with the arrival of cheap air travel.It's hard to imagine that the Auschwitz-Birkenau memorial and museum would now welcome more than two million visitors a year were it not for its（6）

  to Krakow's international airport.Peter Hohenhaus，a（7）

  travelled dark tourist based in Vienna，also points to the broader rise in off-the-beaten track tourism，beyond the territory of popular guidebooks and TripAdvisor rankings. "A lot of people don't want（8）

  tourism and that often means engaging with places that have a more recent history." he says. " You go to Sarajevo and most people remember the war being in the news so it feels closer to one's own biography." Hohenhaus is also a fan of beauty in decay，the contemporary cultural movement in which urban ruins have become（9）

  matter for expensive coffee-table books and a thousand Instagram accounts.The crossover with death is clear. " I have always been drawn to ruined things，" the 54-year-old says.But while，like any tourism，dark tourism at its best is（10）

  ，the example of Grenfell Tower （a London tower block，destroyed by a fire in 2017 with 71 deaths） hints at the unease felt at some sites. " ...I would not stand in the street taking a selfie merrily."
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  解析

Cloze test （30’）Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.

• 5．Studies show that older people tend to remember the positive things in life rather than the negative things，while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well.The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left，so they（1）

  positive emotional experiences.But about a decade ago，I worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was a（n）（2）

  basis for older people's increased positive outlook.Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body（3）

  its energy.
     When our（4）

  needed more energy than usual perhaps while being chased by a tiger，they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body.Could they borrow it from the brain？That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic output，whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns.Due to this constant energy requirement，borrowing energy from the brain when our need（5）

  the available supply is not an option.Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles.Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest，（6）

  ，we could borrow energy when we are sitting.But the problem is that most of the energy-demanding emergencies of our ancestors（7）

  a muscular response.There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not a（n）（8）

  response.This brings us to our immune system，which，when（9）

  protects us from many illnesses and diseases.Like the brain，the immune system works at great metabolic cost，but largely in the（10）

  of keeping us healthy in the future.We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body，a（n）（11）

  break from production is fine.So，when our body needs extra energy，one of the places it goes is our immune function.When you're being chased by a tiger，you don't need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrow's cold.What you need is to（12）

  all available energy resources to your legs，with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or sneeze.
  （13）

  ，our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we're happy，but to slow down dramatically when we're not.With this background in mind，Trivers supposed that older people evolved a strategy of turning this relationship on its head，becoming more（14）

  the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning.This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults，so they can deal with some of the（15）

  things in life more easily.
  
  

  （1）	A．switch	B．energize	C．prioritize	D．undergo
  （2）	A．regular	B．evolutionary	C．solid	D．fundamental
  （3）	A．uses	B．squeezes	C．spreads	D．classifies
  （4）	A．bodies	B．generations	C．a(chǎn)ncestors	D．seniors
  （5）	A．surpasses	B．meets	C．responds	D．requires
  （6）	A．a(chǎn)t random	B．in principle	C．a(chǎn)t times	D．in case
  （7）	A．rejected	B．neglected	C．expected	D．required
  （8）	A．objective	B．effective	C．emergent	D．negative
  （9）	A．vulnerable	B．efficient	C．defensive	D．strong
  （10）	A．service	B．basis	C．search	D．shift
  （11）	A．momentary	B．voluntary	C．energetic	D．intensive
  （12）	A．submit	B．a(chǎn)ctivate	C．shift	D．a(chǎn)ccumulate
  （13）	A．In the meantime	B．On the contrary	C．In the end	D．As a result
  （14）	A．a(chǎn)ddicted to	B．free of	C．focused on	D．enthusiastic about
  （15）	A．emotional	B．crucial	C．unforgettable	D．depressing
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  解析

Translation（20’）Directions： Translate the following phrases or sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

• 14．疫情防控問(wèn)題值得社會(huì)各行各業(yè)群策群力，共商對(duì)策。
  

  deserves

  to negotiate and find solutions.
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  解析

• 15．項(xiàng)目一開始，各種問(wèn)題就層出不窮，一片混亂。
  Hardly had the project started

  and everything was in a mess.
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  解析