2022-2023學(xué)年上海市楊浦區(qū)復(fù)旦大學(xué)附中高三（上）月考英語(yǔ)試卷（9月份）
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
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1．The Mystery is No Mystery The area of ocean between Florida，Puerto Rico，and Bermuda，known as the Bermuda Triangle，is the source of much mystery.Over the centuries，reports of ships and planes disappearing （1）
a trace have seized the public attention，leading the zone （2）（nickname）. "The Devil's Triangle." Suggested causes for these mysterious disappearances range front supernatural powers to underwater alien bases.However，there is a more basic question to ask：Do more craft really disappear in the Bermuda Triangle than in any similarly trafficked area？The answer， （3）it turns out，is no.
The Bermuda Triangle covers a vast 700，000 square-kilometer swathe of ocean.Close to the equator （赤道） and near the United States，it is a particularly busy patch of sea with heavy traffic.According to Lloyd's of London and the U.S.Coast Guard， （4）you were to compare the number of disappearances to the large quantity of ships and planes that have passed through the Bermuda Triangle，you would find that there （5）（be） nothing out of the ordinary about the area.
These days，new theories are being put forward，with a bit of scientific truth to them.Some have attributed Bermuda Triangle disappearances to explosive releases of methane （甲烷） gas， （6）（trap） as methane hydrate inside water molecules beneath the cold seabed of the deep ocean.Such blowouts could potentially release a giant amount of gas that could cause the sea to bubble like it was boiling，which could possibly sink ships because the resulting bubbles would be much （7）（thick） than the water on which large ships normally float.The gas could also rise into the sky， （8）（produce） a mixture of five to 15 percent methane which could explode on contact with the engine exhaust of a hot airplane.
The only problem with this theory is that scientists won't be able to tell with much certainty if this is a factor （9）the ocean floor is mapped in greater detail.It remains to be seen（10）they will succeed in their attempt to clear up the Bermuda Triangle "mystery" this time around.組卷：16引用：2難度：0.9
Section B Directions： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
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2．
You May Make Worse Choices after a Day of Hard Thinking After a long day at work，it feels so much better to just leave the dirty dishes in the sink or put off looking at your finances，right？A.preserve；B.accurately；C.cooked；D.exhausted；E.differentiating；F.response；G.release；H.jye.ai；I.jye.ai；J.controlled；K.immediately
Don't just call it laziness：after a long period of thinking hard，making decisions that favor（1）in the short term but are worse overall appears to be a biological regulation tool to fight cognitive fatigue，according to a recent study.
"Influential theories suggested that fatigue is a sort of illusion（2）up by the brain to make us stop whatever we are doing and turn to a more satisfying activity，" said study author Mathias Pessiglione in a news（3）. "Our findings show that cognitive work results in a true functional change，so fatigue would indeed be a signal that makes us stop working，but for a different purpose：to（4）the completeness of brain functioning."
In the study，40 people were given either an easy or hard version of a task that involved （5）letters on a screen for more than six hours.The participants reported their levels of fatigue，and researchers used MRS （核磁共振） to monitor their metabolic response throughout the study period.
Each participant was then offered choices of either a（n）（6）satisfying smaller reward that required less cognitive control or one that was higher value in the longer term but involved some impulse control （for example，I'll give you ＄10 now or transfer S50 into your bank account tomorrow）.Participants who had to think harder for the six-hour task were more likely to take the smaller reward.
The results suggested that after people spend long periods of time thinking hard，the glutamate accumulation （谷氨酸積累） triggers a（n）（7）in the brain，making it more difficult to use the prefrontal cortex （the area in the brain that allows us to control our thoughts） so that we make choices that are more impulsive than strategic.With less（8）thought put into the choices after a long day，the less likely glutamate will continue to accumulate to potentially dangerous levels.
If you are about to make an important decision or trying to keep the chores from（9）up，it's important to make sure you aren't too tired.But bad news：It may also be difficult for people to （10）measure how fatigued they actually are.組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5
Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage， there are four words or phrases marked A， B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
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3．Two decades ago，biologists and natural historians around the world launched ambitious projects to create a complete list of our planet's biodiversity.（1）
，they said，you can't work to save what you don't know exists.Even the most optimistic estimates suggest only a quarter of Earth's species are currently known to science，raising（2）about the big picture among rising extinction rates.
These projects have progressed very slowly because of the painstaking work of identifying and describing species -as well as collecting samples of the organisms for DNA sequencing （排序） .Now a new approach to（3）the world's animals has emerged：filtering （過(guò)濾） DNA out of thin air - a variation on the technique previously used in water，soil and elsewhere，in which scientists collect and sequence environmental DNA （eDNA），the genetic material in cells（4）by local species.Pulling eDNA from the air could provide an extensive picture of a location's（5）.
Two new papers published in Current Biology put airborne eDNA to the test.One group of researchers worked at the Copenhagen Zoo and one in Hamerton Zoo Park in the U.K. - perfect locations to evaluate such sampling because the scientists knew exactly what species were（6）and how many individuals there were.
The teams used different methods to blow air through a filter to（7）DNA.Once the DNA was accumulated and sequenced，both teams（8）many of the species present in the zoo-even those inside buildings or hundreds of meters from the collection sites.
The eDNA sampling also（9）genetic signatures of species outside the zoos'（10）.TheU.K.jye.ai identified Eurasian hedgehogs，which are vulnerable to extinction in the country，and
the Denmark group found genetic traces from squirrels and cats.
The researchers say eDNA is a game changer for monitoring biodiversity：other techniques require the animal to be（11）present when scientists are looking.However，the technique is not perfect.It is unclear how long genetic material（12）in the air.Also，are researchers detecting a recent existence or one from months earlier？
（13），the implications of using eDNA from the air to remotely monitor biodiversity are enormous.A global network of air-collecting stations could let farmers know about（14）creatures entering their areas or inform conservation scientists if an endangered bird still lives in a specific area，the researchers say.It would also provide a snapshot of what is out there，faster and cheaper，without people having to do laborious sample collection in（15）locations.（1） A．In addition B．As a result C．After all D．On the other hand （2） A．conflicts B．complains C．concerns D．fears （3） A．cataloguing B．comparing C．surviving D．exposing （4） A．developed B．dropped C．a(chǎn)ccumulated D．isolated （5） A．inhabitants B．variables C．measurements D．surroundings （6） A．evident B．extinct C．sufficient D．present （7） A．a(chǎn)nalyze B．draw C．establish D．reverse （8） A．ensured B．restored C．a(chǎn)ssumed D．detected （9） A．picked up B．brought up C．took up D．turned up （10） A．control B．entrance C．walls D．a(chǎn)nimals （11） A．collectively B．physically C．occasionally D．favorably （12） A．persists B．emits C．filters D．swings （13） A．Simply B．Still C．Similarly D．Strangely （14） A．invasive B．intelligent C．native D．fierce （15） A．usual B．secret C．traditional D．inaccessible 組卷：10引用：1難度：0.2
Section B Directions： Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
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4．Eating nuts and peanuts reduces the risk of suffering a heart attack or stroke，a new study claims.Researchers found they were linked with a reduced risk of death from heart disease among people on low incomes.And they believe their findings suggest peanuts may be a cost-effective measure to improve cardiovascular （心血管） health because they are so cheap.
However，experts heeded today that salt-covered nuts would not have the same health benefits.Nuts are rich in nutrients and peanuts，although classified as one bean，have nutrients similar to tree nuts.
The new study，led by Dr Xiao-Ou Shu，of the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine，Tenessee，analysed various groups of people.One involved 72，000 low-income black and white men and women living in the US，the other 134，000 men and women living in Shanghai，Chjye.aia.In both groups，men ate more peanuts than women.In the US group，about half of the nuts consumed were peanuts，and in the Chinese group only peanut consumption was considered.
The researchers found that overall，eating nuts reduced the risk of death from heart disease.This was regardless of gender，race，body condition，smoking，alcohol consumption and conditions such as diabetes （糖尿?。?，high blood pressure and obesity.
In the US，the highest consumption resulted in a risk reduction of 21 percent.In the Chinese group，it was 17 percent.
Dr Shu said： "We observed no significant associations between nut or peanut consumption and risk of death due to cancer and diabetes." She added the findings highlight the large public health impact of nut or peanut consumption in lowering deaths from heart disease - especially for their affordability.The research was published in JAMA Internal Medicine.
Dr Mitchell Katz，deputy editor of the journal，added： "Of course，peanuts are not really nuts - they are legumes since they grow in bushes，unlike tree nuts.But who cares if they help us to live longer at an affordable price？"
（1）Peanuts are considered very useful in improving heart health mainly because.
A．nuts are rate
B．people can afford to buy peanuts
C．peanuts are people's favorite
D．peanuts and nuts are the same
（2）In paragraph 2，the underlined word "heeded" is probably the closest to.
A．warned
B．protested
C．concerned
D．doubted
（3）According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？
A．Peanuts are classified as nuts.
B．The Chinese eat less peanuts than Americans.
C．Peanuts have no effects on cancer.
D．People don't care about the price of the nuts.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A．Peanuts：a best nut
B．Peanuts：People's favorite
C．Peanuts：a medicine for all
D．More peanuts，fewer deaths組卷：4引用：1難度：0.5
Ⅴ.Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
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11．市政府發(fā)布了穩(wěn)經(jīng)濟(jì)-攬子計(jì)劃，如發(fā)行虛擬貨幣等，受到了市民的熱烈歡迎。 （launch）
組卷：4引用：1難度：0.9 -
12．正是因?yàn)樯虾Ｊ忻衽懦f(wàn)難，共同守"滬"，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)面清零的目標(biāo)才指日可待。（It）
組卷：3引用：1難度：0.9