1．Have you ever had chocolate chip cookies？In fact，this favorite food was invented by（1）.One day in 1930，a woman （2） （call）Ruth Wakefield was making chocolate cookies.She ran out of chocolate powder.So she divided a piece of chocolate into little pieces.Then she added all of （3） （they）to the dough（面團(tuán)） that the chocolate would melt（融化）.However，the pieces of chocolate still （4） （remain）hard.When Ruth took them out of the oven，she invented chocolate chip cookies.Soon chocolate chip cookies became popular （5） people around the world.

2．The four great inventions of ancient China are China's outstanding contributions to the whole world，and have had a great impact on world's scientific and cultural exchanges.

Paper-making	During the Eastern Han Dynasty around 104 A.D.，a eunuch（太監(jiān)）of the Imperial Court named Cai Lun invented a new type of paper.It was said that he used bark（樹(shù)皮），rags（破布）and broken fishing nets as materials to make plant fiber paper suitable for writing.In 105 A.D.，he presented this invention to He Di，the emperor at that time，according to Chinese history.
Printing	In the Song Dynasty，Bi Sheng （A.D.1004-1048），used clay to make rectangle cubes （長(zhǎng)方體），carved a single Chinese character on each of them，and burnt them with fire.Then according to the article content，he arranged the words，put them in an iron frame （框架） to print.The printing skill is named the movable-type printing.
Compass	The working people of ancient China invented the compass in their long-term labor practice.They found the characteristic of magnet （磁鐵） showing the direction.The earliest compass，Sinan，firstly appeared in the Warring States Period.
Gunpowder	The invention of gunpowder began with ancient alchemy（煉丹術(shù)）in the Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty.In order to refine pills for immortality（永生），alchemists constantly update the methods of alchemy，which finally led to the invention of gunpowder.In Tang Dynasty，the gunpowder began to be applied（應(yīng)用）to the military affairs（軍事）.

（1）Which of the following is RIGHT according to the passage？
A．Paper was firstly invented in the Eastern Han Dynasty
B．Cai Lun invented a new type of paper in 105 A.D..
C．Cai Lun presented his invention to the emperor about a year after he invented paper.
D．Cai Lun used bark，rags and broken fishing nets and clay to make paper.
（2）Who was the inventor of compass？
A．The working people of ancient China.
B．He Di.
C．Bi Sheng.
D．Sinan.
（3）Which is the latest of the four great inventions？
A．Paper-making.
B．Printing.
C．Compass.
D．Gunpowder.
（4）What was the initial（最初的）purpose of the ancient alchemy？
A．To make gunpowder to apply to the military.
B．To make paper suitable for writing.
C．To find direction while working
D．To make medicine that could help live forever.
（5）Which part of a newspaper is the passage most probably from？
A．Science
B．Nature
C．Sports
D．Education

3．Can anyone be an astronaut？
   Of course not.You don't have to have a science degree but most astronauts do.Most of them are pilots too.Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind.You need to be easy-going，patient，and helpful to spend so much time in a small space with other people.
   What's the training like？
   People have to train for a year to learn how to stay healthy and safe.They practise space walking and living in zero gravity（重力）.They train in difficult conditions to learn how to solve problems and to work in a team.Everyday tasks like eating，washing and sleeping can be difficult on a spaceship.There is no running water so you have to wash with wet tissues：it's hard to enjoy the dry food that astronauts have to eat.And to sleep you must cover your eyes because the sun rises every 90 minutes on the International Space Station.You also have to tie yourself to something so you don't fly away!
   What health problems do astronauts have？
   Life in zero gravity causes changes to our bodies.Bones and muscles（肌肉）become thin and weak so you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay fit and to help the heart move blood around your body.Astronauts often get backache because you grow in space— up to 8 centimeters!It's also common to have headaches and to feel sick，especially at the beginning.You must have vitamins to take the place of fresh fruit and vegetables.But you don't have to put on sun cream because space suits can protect your skin （皮膚）.
   Are you still interested？
（1）What is a must for an astronaut？
A．A science degree.
B．A pilot's license.
C．A healthy body and mind.
D．A weak character.
（2）What must you do to prepare for a space trip？
A．Experience zero gravity.
B．Wash with running water.
C．Practise long walks.
D．Sleep with your eyes open.
（3）Why do astronauts have to exercise in space？
A．To make their bones and muscles thinner.
B．To help the heart work well and keep fit.
C．To avoid backache and grow much taller.
D．To stop their skins from getting sunburned.
（4）What is the text maily about？
A．What we need to know to become an astronaut.
B．Why young people are interested in space trips？
C．What problems astronauts must solve in space.
D．Why we need to train hard before a space trip.