1．Microbiologists have designed a sustainable way to remove polluting microplastics from the environment by using bacteria.Initial design as it is，it paves the way for sustainably lowering plastic pollution levels and stop the"plastification".
   Bacteria naturally tend to group together and stick to surfaces，and this creates a sticky material called"biofilm".Researchers at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University （PolyU） want to use this adhesive bacteria character and capture microplastics in polluted water to form an easily disposable and recyclable blob（團(tuán)）.
   Sylvia Lang Liu，microbiology researcher at PolyU and lead researcher on this project，together with his team，has engineered a bacterial biofilm，which can fix and absorb microplastics floating around in the water，and make them sink to the bottom of the water.Then the researchers can separate the microplastics from the bacteria traps and get them ready to recycle.
   Microplastics are the plastic fragments，usually smaller than 5mm，which are accidentally released into the environment during production and breakdown of grocery bags or water bottles，or during everyday activities such as washing synthetic （合成的） clothes or using personal care products with scrubbing microbeads in them.Microplastics are visually tiny，making it challenging to develop effective solutions to trap，collect，and recycle them.
   Microplastics are not easily biodegradable （生物降解的） ，so they stick around for long and absorb and accumulate poisonous chemicals.They spread into wastewater and into the oceans，endangering marine animals and even usually threatening human health，.Microplastics had be on found in more than 114 species living in the water and also salt，lettuce，apples，and more in 2018 according to the International Maritime Organization.
   "This is an innovative application of biofilm engineering to address the plastic pollution crisis，" said Dr Joanna Sadler，researcher at University of Edinburgh，who was not involved in this study."One of the biggest challenges in dealing will microplastics is capturing such small particles Liu and co-workers have demonstrated an elegant solution to this problem，which holds great potential to be further developed into a real-world wastewater treatment technology，"

（1）Which of the following best explains the underlined word"adhesive" in Paragraph 2？
A．Floating.
B．Sticky.
C．Diverse.
D．Visual.
（2）Why are microplastics hard to capture？
A．They are visually too small.
B．They are hard to biodegrade.
C．They continue to exist for long.
D．They are poisonous chemicals.
（3）What can be learned from the last paragraph？
A．Small particles are essential to address water pollution .
B．Biofilm has been widely used to settle plastic pollution.
C．Sadler thinks little of the biofilm engineering application .
D．Biofilm application is promising for wastewater treatment.
（4）What is the text mainly about？
A．Microplastic removal.
B．Uses of bacteria.
C．Wastewater treatment.
D．Plastic pollution.

2．In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one．The problem is that countries around the world have growing mountains of （1）because people are throwing out more things than ever before．
   How did we （2） a throw-away society？First of all，it is now easier to（3）an object than to spend time and money repairing it．Thanks to modern manufacturing（制造業(yè)）and technology，companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively．Products are plentiful and （4）．
   Another cause is our （5） of disposable products．Living in a society where efficiency comes first，we are always looking for （6）to save time and make our lives easier．Companies produce thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates，plastic cups and cameras，to name a few．
   Our appetite for new products also （7）to the problem．we are （8） buying new things．Advertisements persuade us that the （9） is better and that we will be happier with the latest products．The result is that we（10）useful possessions to make room for new ones．
   All around the world．we can see the （11）of this throw-away lifestyle．Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger．To （12） the amount of rubbish and protect the environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials．（13），this is not enough to solve our problem．
   Maybe there is another way out．We need to repair our possessions（14） throwing them away．We also need to rethink our attitudes to （15）．Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment．

（1）	A．gifts	B．rubbish	C．debt	D．products
（2）	A．face	B．become	C．observe	D．change
（3）	A．hide	B．control	C．replace	D．withdraw
（4）	A．safe	B．funny	C．cheap	D．powerful
（5）	A．love	B．lack	C．prevention	D．division
（6）	A．ways	B．places	C．jobs	D．friends
（7）	A．a(chǎn)dapts	B．returns	C．responds	D．contributes
（8）	A．tired of	B．a(chǎn)ddicted to	C．worried about	D．a(chǎn)shamed for
（9）	A．newer	B．stronger	C．higher	D．larger
（10）	A．pick up	B．pay for	C．hold onto	D．throw away
（11）	A．a(chǎn)dvantages	B．purposes	C．functions	D．consequences
（12）	A．show	B．record	C．decrease	D．measure
（13）	A．However	B．Otherwise	C．Therefore	D．Meanwhile
（14）	A．by	B．in favour of	C．a(chǎn)fter	D．instead of
（15）	A．taking	B．collecting	C．repairing	D．a(chǎn)dvertising

3．The impact of the man-made climate crisis on Antaretica is scientifically undeniable：stable ice shelves are retreating，air temperature increased by 3 degrees Celsius，krill（磷蝦）numbers are declining，melting ice is contributing to sea level rise，and polar bears and seals are getting displaced."Antaretic biodiversity could decline substantially by the end of the century if we continue with business as usual."Jasmine Rachael Lee，lead author of the University of Queensland study says.
   Published in the journal PLOS Biology，the study finds population declines are likely for 65%of the continent's plants and wildlife by the year 2100.The most vulnerable（脆弱的）species is the Emperor penguins.In October 2022，the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service listed Emperor penguins as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act（ESA），as experts predict the flightless seabird will see a 26%to 47%dip in its population by 2050."This listing reflects the growing extinction crisis and highlights the importance of the ESA and efforts to conserve species before population declines become irreversible（不可逆轉(zhuǎn)）."said Service Director Martha Williams at the time.
    Aside from Emperor penguins，other Antarctic specialists，like the Adélic penguin and dry soil nematodes，were also highly vulnerable.We urgently need a combination of global and local conservation action to best conserve Antarctic species.Global action and global voices to help relieve climate change—because the biggest threat to Antaretica is coming from outside of it.And then we need local actions to help protect biodiversity against local threats and give them the best chance of adapting to climate changes.This will help to save our iconic （代表性的） species like the Emperor penguins and all of Antaretical's unique and highly adapted inhabitants.It will also help humankind，as we rely heavily on the priceless services the Antarctic provides in regulating our climate and capturing sea level in its ice sheets.

（1）What can we learn from Paragraph 1？
A．The impact of climate crisis is usually denied.
B．Conservation efforts are badly needed.
C．Air temperature on Antarctic increases 3℃annually.
D．Sea level rise results in scabirds losing their habitats.
（2）Why is the Emperor penguin mentioned in Paragraph 2？
A．To serve as a call to protect wildlife on Antaretic.
B．To reflect the growing population of wild species.
C．To prove the effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act.
D．To highlight the severe impact of rising temperature.
（3）What is probably the best conservation policy？
A．Reducing the chances of making a trip to Antaretic.
B．Making joint efforts to relieve climate change.
C．Attempting to provide essential nutrients to the ecosystem.
D．Continuing to carry forward the Endangered Species Act.
（4）What is the best title for the text？
A．Plants and Wildlife on Antarctica Will Deeline Quickly
B．Antaretic Species Are Vulnerable to Human Threats
C．More Action Should Be Taken to Protect Wildlife on Antaretica
D．The Best Conservation Strategy Will Be Carried Out Soon