2021-2022學年北京八中高二（上）期末英語試卷
發(fā)布：2025/7/1 1:0:21
完形填空 （共1小題；每小題1.5分， 共15分）
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1．After their business trip，John and Mary returned，eager to see their lovely children.As they drove into their hometown feeling glad to be back，they noticed（1）
，and they went off their usual route to see what it was.They found a（2）in flames.Mary said，"Oh，well，it isn't our fire，let's go home."
But John（3）closer and screamed，"That home belongs to Fred Jones who works at the plant.He wouldn't be（4）works yet，maybe there is something we could do." "It has nothing to do with us，" Mary（5）.
But John drove up and stopped and they were both horror-stricken to see the whole house in（6）.A woman on the lawn was screaming，"The children！Get the children！"John（7）her by the shoulder saying，"Get a hold of yourself and tell us where the children are！""In the（8），" cried the woman，"down the hall and to the left."
In spite of Mary's disagreement，John（9）for the basement which was full of smoke and（10）hot.He found the door and two children.（11）he left ，he could hear some more sobbing.He（12）the two badly frightened children into（13）arms and started back asking how many more children were down there.They told him（14）more and Mary grasped his arm and screamed，"John！Don't go back！It's（15）！That house will fall down any second."
（16）he ran into the smoke-filled hallway and at last he found both children.As he climbed up the （17）stairs，the thought went through his mind that there was something strangely （18）about the little bodies next to him，and at last when they came out into the （19）and fresh air，he found that he had just（20）his own children.
The baby-sister had left them at this home while she did some shopping.（1） A．direction B．mistake C．danger D．smoke （2） A．home B．plant C．store D．kitchen （3） A．ran B．walked C．drove D．rode （4） A．a(chǎn)t B．off C．to D．on （5） A．whispered B．nodded C．disagreed D．required （6） A．ruins B．pieces C．flames D．silence （7） A．pushed B．seized C．greeted D．stopped （8） A．basement B．department C．house D．hall （9） A．went B．reached C．a(chǎn)sked D．rushed （10） A．heavily B．slightly C．partly D．terribly （11） A．If B．As C．Since D．Unless （12） A．comforted B．delivered C．recognized D．protected （13） A．cheering B．freezing C．waiting D．suffering （14） A．many B．several C．three D．two （15） A．dangerous B．foolish C．practical D．painful （16） A．Therefore B．So C．Instead D．But （17） A．wide B．endless C．final D．dirty （18） A．particular B．interesting C．familiar D．fortunate （19） A．car B．sunlight C．crowd D．moonlight （20） A．rescued B．found C．lost D．missed 組卷：56引用：4難度：0.9
語法填空 （共1小題；每小題1.5分， 共15分）
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2．Mistakes that work The best way to learn something is to make mistakes first.Thomas Edison，（1）
invented the light bulb，told his colleagues， "Of the 200 light bulbs that didn't work，every failure told me that I was able to work hard to make next attempt." Benjamin Franklin，the US statesman and scientist once said， "I haven't failed.I have had 10，000 ideas that didn't work."
（2）of these people understood that failures and false starts are the condition of success.In fact，（3）surprising number of everyday objects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding.Post-it notes，packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected jye.aiventions.In 2006 BC，a tired Egyptian slave invented（4）is now called bread when the dough （面團） rose during his sleep.And crisps were first cooked by a cook in the USA when a customer suggested his fried potatoes be（5）（thin） than they were.
In 1968 Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong clue when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead.His colleague，Art Fry，decided to use it six years later，in 1974，to have his bookmarks（6）（hold） in his books and the post-it note was invented.
Successful business people have often made big，expensive mistakes in their past.When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company 6，000，000，ThomasWatson，the chairman，（7）（ask）if he would fire the man."No，"here plied."I have just spent 600，000 （8）（train） him.I won't let another company benefit from his experience."
It is essential that everyone（9）（learn） from your mistakes.（10）you don't，then there is no point in making them.組卷：3引用：1難度：0.9
閱讀理解（共4小題；每小題6分，共28分）
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3．The forest of today will not be the forests of tomorrow.Rising temperatures，trees being cut down，development and climate-change-caused disasters are changing the very makeup of the Earth's forests，new research published in Science finds.
Older，bigger trees are being lost at an alarming rate，making the planet's forests shorter and younger.The change is being driven at different rates by different causes in different places，the study's authors say，but the consequences will be global.
Old growth forests absorb and store massive amounts of climate-warming CO2.They provide habitats for rare and endangered species and promote rich biodiversity.Researchers found that the world lost roughly one-third of its old growth forests between 1900 and 2015.In North America and Europe，they found that tree mortality（死亡率） has doubled in the past 40 years.
"Warming temperatures，wildfires，logging and insect outbreaks were among the many causes of the decline，" says Nate McDowell，the study's lead author. "What's perhaps more concerning is that the trajectory（發(fā)展軌跡） of all these disturbances is generally increasing over time and is expected to continue increasing in the future." he says.
McDowell's focus is on how trees are affected by rising temperatures，arguably the biggest driver of forest change.To get a broader understanding of how forests are changing globally，he brought in more than 20 other researchers in different fields.Together，they examined more than 160 previous studies about tree mortality and its global causes，applying current satellite data and modeling to create a look at the Earth's changing forests to date.
"It's not a shock，but it's very sad，" says Kristina，an ecologist and leader of the ForestGEO Ecosystems &Climate Program who helped with the research. "We as a human society are hitting these forests so rapidly with so many different changes that they can't keep up." she says.
（1）What can we know from the figures in the paragraph 3？
A．More trees should be planted in no time.
B．We are losing old growth forests quickly.
C．Forests are important habitats for wildlife.
D．Different trees can absorb CO2 differently.
（2）What can we say about McDowell's research？
A．Timely and long-standing.
B．All-sided and careful.
C．Time-limited and regional.
D．Traditional and extensive.
（3）What's Kristina's attitude towards the findings of the research？
A．Worried.
B．Optimistic.
C．Supportive.
D．Indifferent.
（4）What's the writer's purpose of writing the passage？
A．To call on people to plant more trees.
B．To discuss the influence of climate change.
C．To warn against the loss of old growth forests.
D．To compare forests of today with those of the future.組卷：0引用：1難度：0.6 -
4．The Cambridge FestivalsJanuary
Cambridge Winter Ale （啤酒） Festival
The festival features a range of local and national beers，including traditional winter beers，locally produced ciders（蘋果酒） and a selection of bottled beers from around the world．This is a chance to try some rare ales over three days in January．
More information：www．cambridgebeerfestival．com
February
e-Luminate
The five-day festival connects ambitious art with imaginative technology to cast light on low carbon innovation．It offers a unique opportunity to discover，or re-discover，the richness and diversity of Cambridge's buildings and public spaces through a range of amazing lights．Brighten the winter days by attending shows，concerts，guided tours，family activities and talks．
More information：www．e-luminatefestivals．co．uk
March
Cambridge Style Week
Cambridge's annual fashion week includes various catwalk shows，boutiques（精品店），in-store events and much more!Cambridge Style Week showcases a variety of stores from in and around Cambridge，ranging from popular brands，designer labels to independent boutiques．
More information：www．cambridgestyleweek．com
April
Cambridge Literary Festival
Founded in 2003，Cambridge Literary Festival is an important event of the city's cultural calendar．Every April and November，it is held in the city's historic centre and offers creative writing discussions as well as talks and readings from established authors．Usually，its spring festival lasts for five days while its winter one is for one day only．
More information：www．cambridgeliteraryfestival．com
（1）What's one of the features of e-Luminate festival？
A．The Internet．
B．The light．
C．Shows．
D．Talks．
（2）Which festival is held twice every year？
A．e-Luminate．
B．Cambridge Style Week．
C．Cambridge Literary Festival．
D．Cambridge Winter Ale Festival．
（3）The festival that lasts for the shortest time is held in．
A．January
B．February
C．March
D．April．組卷：8引用：2難度：0.7 -
5．The hike to the lost Incan city of Choquequirao is one of the most difficult in Peru.From the town of Cachora，which is 161km west of Cusco，it's an 18km walk to Capuliyoc Mountain，then down to Playa Rosalina，where travellers camp for the night.Waking early，travellers then have to cross the Apurímac River and walk uphill to camp close to the ruins.Then，the next morning，it's another 2km walk up to the ruins，3，100 m above sea level.To get back？Well，it's the same way you came.
"I've had people in their 60s and 70s do it，" said Juan Barrios，a guide from the Adventure Life company. "But some people come out thinking that because it's only 28km from the drop off they can do it in a day.Six or seven days for the hike is best."
It makes sense，then，that Choquequirao draws only about 30 people a day during the high season（June through August）.Compare that to the 2，500 people who arrive each day at the famous Incan city of Machu Picchu.
But for those who make the journey，the rewards（回報）are great：beautiful mountain views at every turn，and the chance to explore the wonderful ruins nearly alone.
Believed to be created around the same time as Machu Picchu，in 1445，Choquequirao is actually larger than better-known Machu Picchu.But very little has been written about Peru's other lost city and researchers are still uncovering new parts of the ruins，leaving life on the mountain relatively untouched.
But officials say that the building of the first cable car（纜車）to Choquequirao will shorten the several-day walk to a 15-minute cable car ride.As a result，the number of travellers that now make the journey each week could turn into 3，000 visitors per day.
Choquequirao is beautiful now because of how untouched it is.Even though the lost city was discovered by Spanish explorer Juan Arias Díaz in 1710，the ruins still make you feel as though you're the first to find them.Will it be the same when more travellers flood in （大量涌入）？
（1）What does the first paragraph centre on？
A．How tall Choquequirao is.
B．How to get to Choquequirao easily.
C．What great views Choquequirao has.
D．How hard the trip to Choquequirao is.
（2）In what way is Choquequirao different from Machu Picchu？
A．Choquequirao is older.
B．Choquequirao is quieter.
C．Choquequirao is smaller.
D．Choquequirao is better known.
（3）How are the ruins of Choquequirao？
A．They're still being dug out.
B．They're in a generally poor condition.
C．They're being renewed at the moment.
D．They've been researched internationally.
（4）What does the author think of Choquequirao in the future？
A．It will be more attractive.
B．It will develop at a slow speed.
C．It won't necessarily take a turn for the better.
D．It won't be more popular than Machu Picchu.組卷：105引用：4難度：0.5 -
6．Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are，like a nearby port or river．People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade．New York City，for example，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River．Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million．But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time．Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight．In 1896，Dawson，Canada，was unmapped wilderness（荒野）．But gold was discovered there in 1897，and two years later，it was one of the largest cities in the West，with a population of 30，000．
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris．People went there for gold．They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers．The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning．An avalanche（雪崩） once closed the path，killing 63 people．For many who made it to Dawson，however，the rewards were worth the difficult trip．Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold，4，000 got rich．About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives．
But no matter how rich they were，Dawson was never comfortable．Necessities like food and wood were very expensive．But soon，the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found．The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down，and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come．Today，people still come and go-to see where the Canadian gold rush happened．Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City-its present population is 762．
（1）What attracted the early settlers to New York City？
A．Its business culture．
B．Its small population．
C．Its geographical position．
D．Its favourable climate．
（2）What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson？
A．Two-thirds of them stayed there．
B．One out of five people got rich．
C．Almost everyone gave up．
D．Half of them died．
（3）What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson？
A．They found the city too crowded．
B．They wanted to try their luck elsewhere．
C．They were unable to stand the winter．
D．They were short of food．
（4）What is the text mainly about？
A．The rise and fall of a city．
B．The gold rush in Canada．
C．Journeys into the wilderness．
D．Tourism in Dawson．組卷：36引用：3難度：0.5
信息還原
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7．Copernicus，founder of modern astronomy，was born in 1473 to a well-to-do merchant family in Torun，Poland.He was sent off to attend university in Italy，studying mathematics and optics，and canon law.Returning from his studies abroad，Copernicus was appointed to an administrative position in the cathedral of Frauenburg.There he spent a sheltered and academic life for the rest of his days.
（1）He made his observations from a tower situated on the protective wall around the cathedral.His observations were made with the "bare eyeball，" so to speak，as a hundred years were to pass before the invention of the telescope.In 1530，Copernicus completed his famous work De Revolutionibus，which later played a major role in changing the philosophical view of humankind's place in the universe. （2）
Copernicus died in 1543 and was never to know what a stir his work would cause.In his book，he asserted that the Earth rotated on its axis once daily and traveled around the Sun once yearly.（3）People then regarded the Earth as stationary，situated at the center of the universe，with the Sun and all the planets revolving around it.Copernicus' theory challenged the long-held belief that God created the Heavens and the Earth，and could overturn the core values of the Catholic world.（4）Other ministers quickly followed suit，saying of Copernicus， "This fool wants to turn the whole art of astronomy upside down."
Ironically，Copernicus had dedicated his work to Pope Paul Ⅲ. （5）The Church ultimately banned De Revolutionibus，and the book remained on the list of forbidden reading material for nearly three centuries thereafter.
A.Copernicus died on May 24，1543 in what is now Frombork，Poland.
B.The book，however，wasn't published until two months before his death.
C.If this act was an attempt to seek the Catholic Church's approval，it was of no use.
D.Copernicus returned to Poland，where he became a church administrator and doctor.
E.This went against the philosophical and religious beliefs held during medieval times.
F.Religious leader Martin Luther voiced his opposition to the sun-centered system model.
G.In his spare time，Copernicus studied the stars and the planets，applying his math knowledge to the mysteries of the night sky.組卷：9引用：1難度：0.5
閱讀表達
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8．Upgrade your problems In 2017，I spent all my money buying my first flat—which meant I had no money to fix my first homeowner's problem.I was sleeping on an air mattress because I couldn't afford furniture.Then I noticed a leaky pipe under the bath，which created a wet puddle（水坑）.I couldn't afford a plumber （水管工） but I didn't want to introduce myself to the neighbour by crashing through their wet ceiling.
The only option left for me was that I had to solve the problem on my own.I took the bus to a nearby store and talked with the nice guy behind the counter.He explained how to fix it and sold me a pipe cutter and a bit of pipework.I went back home，pushed my head under the bath，and got the job done.
It taught me a lesson that has since become a bit of motto for me：Upgrade your problems.
Having a wet bathroom floor is a problem—and the day before I bought the place，I would have had a landlord to call.But once the place was mine，this became my problem.I saw this as progress：You must own your own property to take care of this sort of situation.
Years later，when I founded my professional services company with my business partner，Adam，this motto became core to how we approach the business.There have been many problems，and there will continue to be new ones.However，we remember the reason we have these problems—it's because we run our own business!A late-paying customer is a problem，but it's one we encounter only if we have paying customers.
That is why I still keep the pipe cutter on my desk today.It reminds me that，no matter my level of frustration （挫?。?，I am fortunate to face the problems I do.The more I solve them，the more I upgrade to even better ones.
（1）What did the author notice in his first flat？
（2）How did the author solve his problem with the bath？
（3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
The author still keeps the pipe cutter on his desk today because it reminds him of his success in business.
（4）What else would you do when you encounter problems in life？ （In about 40 words）組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5
根據(jù)首字母和英文釋義， 填寫適當?shù)膯卧~（共10小題；每小題0.5分， 共5分） 請將完整的單詞拼寫填在答題紙上。
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9．Mum asked her if she was very hot to
so many clothes（穿著這么多衣服）．組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
10．So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy，but it is far from
（理想的）.組卷：15引用：4難度：0.8 -
11．He is
（上癮的） to computer games. （根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）組卷：1引用：5難度：0.8 -
12．Please a
（附上）your recent photo to the application form．組卷：14引用：2難度：0.8 -
13．
（化學的） factories do great harm to the air.組卷：9引用：3難度：0.8 -
14．We do not
（正常地） look into someone's eyes for long.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）組卷：0引用：1難度：0.6 -
15．Such events occur only when the
（外部的）conditions are favourable.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）組卷：18引用：7難度：0.9 -
16．This hybrid enabled farmers to
（擴大） their output greatly.組卷：13引用：3難度：0.8 -
17．She leaned over and
（低語） something in my ear．組卷：40引用：8難度：0.5 -
18．Everyone was silent as he
（宣布） the winner of the competition．組卷：7引用：5難度：0.7
書面表達（15分）
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19．健康對于我們每個人來說都是非常重要的。你的爸爸（媽媽）天天忙于工作而忽略了這個問題，你很為他（她）擔憂。請你以此為話題，并結(jié)合以下提示給他（她）寫一封信。
（1）每周至少去體育館鍛煉一次，或打球、或游泳；
（2）飲食要健康；
（3）不要工作太晚，要早休息；
（4）……
注意：
（1）詞數(shù)不少于100；
（2）可適當增加細節(jié)，使內(nèi)容充實，行文連貫。
Dear Dad （Mum），
Your loving son （daughter）組卷：8引用：1難度：0.5